Verizon Singapore
Facts
Verizon Singapore provided telecommunications and cloud services to Indian subscribers.
Issue
Whether payments constitute royalty or FTS under India-Singapore DTAA, triggering Section 195 TDS?
Held
Standard data transmission and cloud computing service payments are not royalty or FTS - they are business profits, taxable only if PE in India.
Ratio
Bandwidth and connectivity = business profits, not royalty.
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